{"id":2519,"date":"2026-08-14T13:11:45","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T17:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/?page_id=2519"},"modified":"2026-08-31T09:39:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:39:26","slug":"positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/injury-violence\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\/","title":{"rendered":"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-2519\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-2519-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-2519-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2519-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><strong>Positive childhood experiences (PCEs)\u00a0<\/strong>are events in a child\u2019s life that help them to grow and thrive. PCEs can exist in a child\u2019s household or community. Some, but not all, examples of PCEs are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Household PCE: Having basic needs (shelter and food)<\/li>\n<li>Community PCE:\u00a0Feeling safe at home, school, or in their neighborhood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The more PCEs a child has, the more opportunities there are to support a child\u2019s health and well-being as they grow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)<\/strong> are stressful and negative events that happen during childhood.\u00a0\u00a0ACEs can exist in a child's household or community. Some, but not all, examples of ACEs are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Household ACE: Experiencing or witnessing abuse in the home; living with someone with a substance use or mental health problem<\/li>\n<li>Community ACE:\u00a0Witnessing violence in their neighborhood; experiencing discrimination<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These events can affect a child's health in childhood and later in life. ACEs can lead to toxic stress. Toxic stress can hurt a child\u2019s immune system, brain development, or stress response. Some health outcomes that ACEs can contribute to are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Suicide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Interpersonal violence or trouble having healthy relationships with others<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Depression or anxiety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Substance\u00a0use problems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Chronic disease, like cancer or diabetes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Teen pregnancy\u00a0or sexually transmitted infections<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ACEs are preventable.\u00a0<\/strong>Experiencing ACEs <strong>does not<\/strong> mean that a child will always end up with negative health outcomes as they grow into adulthood.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACEs prevention happens through working together\u00a0to decrease ACEs and increase PCEs.\u00a0<\/strong>Creating stable, safe, and nurturing environments help Virginia\u2019s children grow into happy and healthy adults.<\/p>\n<h1><strong>How to use this dashboard:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Use the 'Select Year', 'Select Domain', 'Select Sub Category' and 'Select Demographic Group' drop-down menus to filter the dashboard.\u00a0 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The dashboard will update based on selections from the drop-down menus.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This dashboard\u00a0is updated\u00a0with new data\u00a0in the fall\u00a0of each year.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong>How to interpret the data on this dashboard:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hover over any bar to view detailed percentages for all respondents and each demographic group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Percent difference between the selected demographic group and all respondents for each indicator is shown in parentheses above each bar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The <em><strong>higher<\/strong> <\/em>the percent for a <strong>PCE<\/strong>, the <em><strong>better<\/strong><\/em>. It is good to see green arrows <em><strong>going up<\/strong><\/em> for PCEs.\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">\u00a0An <strong>up<\/strong> <strong>green<\/strong> arrow for a PCE means that more of the selected demographic group has the PCE compared with all respondents.<\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\">A <strong>down red<\/strong> arrow for a PCE means that less of the selected demographic group has the PCE compared with all respondents.<\/li>\n<li>A yellow arrow means the percent has stayed the same from the previous year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>The <b><em>lower<\/em> <\/b>the percent for an <strong>ACE<\/strong>, the <em><strong>better<\/strong><\/em>. It is good to see green arrows <em><strong>going down<\/strong><\/em> for ACEs.\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>down<\/strong> <strong>green<\/strong> arrow for an ACE means that less of the selected demographic group has the ACE compared with all respondents.<\/li>\n<li>An <strong>up red<\/strong> arrow for an ACE means that more of the selected demographic group has the ACE compared with all respondents.<\/li>\n<li>A yellow arrow means the percent has stayed the same from the previous year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"o\" data-font=\"Courier New\" data-listid=\"17\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:1440,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Courier New&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[9675],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;o&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"2\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-2519-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-2519-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-2519-1-0-0\" class=\"widget_text so-panel widget widget_custom_html panel-first-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1787077293021' style='position: relative'><noscript><a href='https:&#47;&#47;www.vdh.virginia.gov&#47;'><img alt='Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia ' src='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;AC&#47;ACEDashboard_17870760133440&#47;PositiveandAdverseChildhoodExperiencesinVirginia&#47;1_rss.png' style='border: none' \/><\/a><\/noscript><object class='tableauViz'  style='display:none;'><param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' \/> <param name='embed_code_version' value='3' \/> <param name='path' value='views&#47;ACEDashboard_17870760133440&#47;PositiveandAdverseChildhoodExperiencesinVirginia?:language=en-US&amp;:embed=y&amp;:sid=&amp;:redirect=auth&amp;:toolbar=yes&amp;:embed_code_version=3&amp;:loadOrderID=0&amp;:display_count=yes&amp;publish=yes&amp;:tabs=no' \/> <param name='toolbar' value='yes' \/><param name='static_image' value='https:&#47;&#47;public.tableau.com&#47;static&#47;images&#47;AC&#47;ACEDashboard_17870760133440&#47;PositiveandAdverseChildhoodExperiencesinVirginia&#47;1.png' \/> <param name='animate_transition' value='yes' \/><param name='display_static_image' value='yes' \/><param name='display_spinner' value='yes' \/><param name='display_overlay' value='yes' \/><param name='display_count' value='yes' \/><param name='tabs' value='no' \/><param name='language' value='en-US' \/><param name='filter' value='publish=yes' \/><\/object><\/div>                <script type='text\/javascript'>                    var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1787077293021');                    var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];                    if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='1100px';vizElement.style.height='1527px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='1100px';vizElement.style.height='1527px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='2027px';}                     var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');                    scriptElement.src = 'https:\/\/public.tableau.com\/javascripts\/api\/viz_v1.js';                    vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);                <\/script><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2519-1-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-accordion\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-accordion so-widget-sow-accordion-default-37a5456e788c-2519\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div>\n\t<div class=\"sow-accordion\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel\n\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"about-the-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-header\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" id=\"accordion-label-about-the-data\" aria-controls=\"accordion-content-about-the-data\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"sow-accordion-title sow-accordion-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout the Data\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-open-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf218;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-close-button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-ionicons\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xf209;\"\n\t\t \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-accordion-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"region\"\n\t\t\t\taria-labelledby=\"accordion-label-about-the-data\"\n\t\t\t\tid=\"accordion-content-about-the-data\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"display: none;\"\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-accordion-panel-border\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1><strong>Data Sources<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>The dashboard includes data from two data sources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey: <\/strong>Data come from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/virginia-youth-survey\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0(YRBS). These data\u00a0are\u00a0collected\u00a0by the Virginia Department of Health.\u00a0The Virginia YRBS is Virginia\u2019s version of\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/yrbs\/index.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">the Youth Risk Behavior Survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0\u00a0The YRBS monitors health\u00a0risk behaviors among middle and high\u00a0public\u00a0school\u00a0students\u00a0in Virginia.\u00a0Data\u00a0are\u00a0statistically weighted to\u00a0help:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ensure findings are representative of the total youth population, and\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"20\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559683&quot;:0,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">account for school and student non-response\u00a0and\u00a0oversampling.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>National Survey of Children's Health:<\/strong> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">Data come from the\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a class=\"Hyperlink SCXW21966089 BCX8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.childhealthdata.org\/learn-about-the-nsch\/NSCH\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW21966089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">National Survey of Children\u2019s Health<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">\u00a0(NSCH)<\/span><\/span><\/a><span class=\"TextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">\u00a0Data\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">are<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">\u00a0collected\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">each year\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">for all<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">\u00a050 states and the District of Colum<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">bia.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">NSC<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">H collects\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">health- and experiences-related\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">data\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">from parents and caregivers about\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW21966089 BCX8\">their<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">children aged 0-17 years<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW21966089 BCX8\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP Selected SCXW21966089 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong>Available Data Years:<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">VDH will use the most recent years available for public reporting.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As of August 2026, data years used are:\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"18\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS): 2021, 2023<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">National Survey of Children\u2019s Health (NSCH): 2021-2022, 2022-2023<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><strong>Indicator Definitions<\/strong>:<\/h1>\n<h2><strong>Community PCEs:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Safe\u00a0in\u00a0neighborhood<\/span><\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition:\u00a0\u00a0Parents\u00a0or caregivers who responded\u00a0\u201cDefinitely\u00a0agree\u201d\u00a0or\u00a0\u201cSomewhat\u00a0agree\u201d\u00a0that\u00a0the neighborhood their\u00a0child lives in is safe. Response options were \u201cDefinitely agree,\u201d \u201cSomewhat agree,\u201d\u00a0and \u201cSomewhat or\u00a0definitely disagree.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0National Survey of Children\u2019s Health<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Safe at\u00a0school<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition:\u00a0\u00a0Parents\u00a0or caregivers\u00a0who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cDefinitely\u00a0agree\u201d or \u201cSomewhat agree\u201d\u00a0that their\u00a0child is safe at school (ages\u00a06-17\u00a0years). Response options were\u00a0\u201cDefinitely agree,\u201d \u201cSomewhat agree,\u201d and \u201cSomewhat or definitely disagree.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data Source:\u00a0National Survey of Children\u2019s Health<span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Household PCEs:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Basic needs met<\/span><\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition:\u00a0Students\u00a0who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cMost of the time\u201d\u00a0that\u00a0during\u00a0their\u00a0life,\u00a0an adult\u00a0in\u00a0their\u00a0household tried hard to make sure their basic needs were met, such as looking after their safety and making sure they\u00a0had clean clothes and enough to eat.\u00a0Response options were \u201cNever\u201d,\u00a0\u201cRarely\u201d,\u00a0\u201cSometimes\u201d,\u00a0\u201cMost of the time\u201d,\u00a0or\u00a0\u201cAlways.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Community ACEs:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Experienced or\u00a0witnessed\u00a0neighborhood violence<\/span><\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition:\u00a0\u00a0Parents\u00a0or caregivers\u00a0who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cYes\u201d\u00a0that their\u00a0child has ever been a victim of violence or\u00a0witnessed\u00a0violence in the neighborhood. Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0National Survey of Children\u2019s Health<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Experienced racial\/ethnic discrimination<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition:\u00a0Parents\u00a0or caregivers who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cYes\u201d\u00a0that their\u00a0child has ever been treated or judged unfairly because of their race or ethnic group. Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0\u00a0National Survey of Children\u2019s Health<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Household ACEs:\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Experienced emotional abuse<\/span><\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cAlways\u201d or\u00a0Most of the time\u201d\u00a0that they\u00a0had\u00a0<span data-contrast=\"auto\">a parent or other adult in\u00a0their\u00a0home\u00a0who\u00a0insulted\u00a0them\u00a0or put\u00a0them\u00a0down. Response options were\u00a0<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201cNever\u201d,\u00a0\u201cRarely\u201d,\u00a0\u201cSometimes\u201d,\u00a0\u201cMost of the time\u201d,\u00a0or \u201cAlways.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Experienced physical abuse<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students\u00a0who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cMost of the time\u201d\u00a0that they\u00a0lived with a parent or other adult in the home who hit, beat, kicked, or physically hurt\u00a0them\u00a0in any way. Response options\u00a0were\u00a0\u201cNever\u201d,\u00a0\u201cRarely\u201d,\u00a0\u201cSometimes\u201d,\u00a0\u201cMost of the time\u201d,\u00a0or \u201cAlways.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data\u00a0source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Experienced sexual abuse<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Brief definition: \u00a0Students\u00a0who\u00a0responded \u201cYes\u201d that they\u00a0had an adult or person at least 5 years older than them who made\u00a0them\u00a0do sexual things that\u00a0they\u00a0did not want to do\u00a0(including\u00a0such things as kissing, touching, or being made to have sexual intercourse).\u00a0Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Had household member with mental illness<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students who\u00a0responded \u201cYes\u201d that they\u00a0have ever lived with a parent or guardian who had severe depression, anxiety, or another mental illness, or was suicidal. Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Had household member with substance use problems<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students\u00a0who\u00a0responded \u201cYes\u201d that they\u00a0have ever\u00a0lived with a parent or guardian who was having a problem with alcohol or drug use. Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Had incarcerated parent\/guardian<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students who\u00a0responded \u201cYes\u201d that they\u00a0have\u00a0been separated from a parent or guardian because their parent or guardian\u00a0went to jail, prison, or a detention center. Response options were \u201cYes\u201d or \u201cNo.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Indicator:\u00a0<\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Witnessed household violence<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Brief definition: \u00a0Students\u00a0who\u00a0responded\u00a0\u201cAlways\u201d or \u201cMost of the time\u201d\u00a0that they had\u00a0seen their parents or other adults in their home slapped, hit, kicked, punched, or beat each other up.\u00a0Response options were\u00a0\u201cNever\u201d,\u00a0\u201cRarely\u201d,\u00a0\u201cSometimes\u201d,\u00a0\u201cMost of the time\u201d,\u00a0or \u201cAlways.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Data source:\u00a0\u00a0Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey<span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-2519-1-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-features panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-features so-widget-sow-features-default-8304e1f15a25-2519\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><ul\n\tclass=\"sow-features-list\n\tsow-features-responsive\">\n\n\t\t\t<li\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-features-feature sow-icon-container-position-top\"\n\t\t\tstyle=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; width: calc(100% - 25px);\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-icon-container sow-container-sticker\"\n\t\t\t\tstyle=\"color: #1e73be; \"\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/data.virginia.gov\/organization\/virginia-department-of-health?q=overdose+deaths\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"sow-icon-materialicons sowm-regular\" data-sow-icon=\"&#xe2c4\"\n\t\tstyle=\"font-size: 45px; color: #ffffff\" \n\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"textwidget\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-features-feature-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data.virginia.gov\/organization\/virginia-department-of-health?q=overdose+deaths\"><strong>Download Data<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Positive childhood experiences (PCEs)\u00a0are events in a child\u2019s life that help them to grow and thrive. PCEs can exist in a child\u2019s household or community. Some, but not all, examples of PCEs are: Household PCE: Having basic needs (shelter and food) Community PCE:\u00a0Feeling safe at home, school, or in their neighborhood The more PCEs a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":0,"parent":103,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2519","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia - Data<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/injury-violence\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia - Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Positive childhood experiences (PCEs)\u00a0are events in a child\u2019s life that help them to grow and thrive. PCEs can exist in a child\u2019s household or community. Some, but not all, examples of PCEs are: Household PCE: Having basic needs (shelter and food) Community PCE:\u00a0Feeling safe at home, school, or in their neighborhood The more PCEs a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/injury-violence\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Data\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-31T13:39:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia - Data\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-14T17:11:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-31T13:39:26+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Injury &amp; Violence\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/injury-violence\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/\",\"name\":\"Data\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\\\/data\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia - Data","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.vdh.virginia.gov\/data\/injury-violence\/positive-and-adverse-childhood-experiences-in-virginia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Positive and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Virginia - Data","og_description":"Positive childhood experiences (PCEs)\u00a0are events in a child\u2019s life that help them to grow and thrive. PCEs can exist in a child\u2019s household or community. 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